Reports 2020

For the next three decades, the European Union is likely to be internally divided as never before, relying on a zombie economy and struggling with growing conflicts between generations and social classes.

40 per cent of the Poles assess air quality in Poland to be poor or very poor. At the same time, 2 in 3 respondents are not aware that residential combustion stoves are the main source of air pollution in Poland.

According to the new secular stagnation theory, the ongoing technological changes and unfavourable demographic trends reduce demand for capital and labour.

Sweden, Denmark and Norway proved to be the world’s most developed economies in the Responsible Development Index ranking, prepared by the Polish Economic Institute for the second time.

At the start of April, 18% of companies surveyed did not have financial liquidity, and just 26% said that the financial resources available will enable them to operate for more than three months.

Over the past 15 years, the Three Seas countries have been among the fastest-growing regions in the European Union.

Out of the 115 countries covered by the Energy Transition Index (ETI) 2019 prepared by the World Economic Forum (WEF), the EU Member State most advanced in energy transition towards a zero-carbon economy was Sweden, the leader in the ranking, whereas the poorest performer, ranked 77th, was Bulgaria.

In 2018, the CIT gap was PLN 22 billion, 35 per cent less than in 2014. At the same time, CIT accounted for 5 per cent of State revenue in Poland, distinctly below the EU average of 7 per cent. A vital problem is the shifting of profits to tax havens – in 2018 alone transnational corporations artificially transferred from Poland profits of PLN 17 billion, which translated into CIT revenue foregone exceeding PLN 3 billion.

In its report entitled ‘Trade routes after the COVID-19 pandemic’, the Polish Economic Institute presented four scenarios for a new pattern of global trade routes resulting from potential relocation of part of production from China to other countries, likely to push down China’s GDP by as much as 1.64 percent.

The rivalry between the United States and China is a battle of two global systems: the Bretton Woods monetary system and China’s New Silk Road initiative, the germ of a parallel system.

Nearly EUR 960 billion – this is the size of the European Union’s current budget. That astronomical sum, however, is ⅕ lower than 7-year cumulative losses due to taxes escaping across the borders of the EU Member States.